Fatores associados à visita à emergência ou hospitalização em cuidados paliativos oncológicos domiciliares: uma revisão integrativa / Factors associated with emergency room visit or hospitalization in care oncolagy home care: an integrative review / Factores asociados a la visita a urgencias o a la hospitalización en cuidado atención oncológica a domicilio: una revisión integradora

Objetivo: identificar os fatores associados à visita à emergência ou hospitalização dos pacientes oncológicos em cuidados paliativos domiciliares. Método: revisão integrativa nas bases PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science e Embase. Perguntou-se "quais os fatores associados à visita a serviços de emergência ou hospitalização de pacientes oncológicos em cuidados paliativos domiciliares?". Descritores foram neoplasias; cuidados paliativos; hospitalização; serviços médicos de emergência; serviços de assistência domiciliar. Critérios de elegibilidade foram texto na íntegra; entre 2012 e 2022; idioma inglês, português ou espanhol; idade adulta. Resultados:foram selecionados 16 artigos. As causas mais comuns de visita à emergência/hospitalização foram dor, falta de ar, infecção, sintomas digestivos, delirium e queda do estado geral/fadiga. Conclusão: este estudo identificou lacunas em que os cuidados paliativos domiciliares podem ser aprimorados.

Objective: to identify the factors associated with the emergency visit or hospitalization of cancer patients in palliative home care. Method: integrative review in PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science and Embase. The question was "what factors are associated with visiting emergency services or hospitalization of cancer patients in palliative home care?". Descriptors were neoplasms; palliative care; hospitalization; emergency medical services; home care services. Eligibility criteria were full text; between 2012 and 2022; English, Portuguese or Spanish language; adulthood. Results: 16 articles were selected. The most common causes of emergency room visits/hospitalization were pain, shortness of breath, infection, digestive symptoms, delirium, and poor general condition/fatigue. Conclusion: this study identified gaps in which palliative home care can be improved.

Objetivo: identificar los factores asociados a la visita a urgencias u hospitalización de pacientes oncológicos en cuidados paliativos domiciliarios. Método: revisión integrativa en PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science y Embase. La pregunta fue "¿qué factores se asocian con la visita a los servicios de emergencia o la hospitalización de pacientes oncológicos en cuidados paliativos domiciliarios?". Descriptores fueron neoplasias; Cuidados paliativos; hospitalización; servicios médicos de emergencia; servicios de atención domiciliaria. Los criterios de elegibilidad fueron texto completo; entre 2012 y 2022; idioma inglés, portugués o español; edad adulta. Resultados:se seleccionaron 16 artículos. Las causas más comunes de visitas a la sala de emergencias/hospitalización fueron dolor, dificultad para respirar, infección, síntomas digestivos, delirio y mal estado general/fatiga. Conclusión: este estudio identificó brechas en las que se pueden mejorar los cuidados paliativos domiciliários.

Interim guidelines for home-based isolation & care of confirmed COVID-19 cases

Homebased care for suspected or confirmed COVID -19 patients is the holistic and integrated care provided for asymptomatic and symptomatic confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the comfort of their homes. It encompasses biomedical, physical, psychosocial, palliative, and other aspects of care provided by patients, family members, community volunteers and /or healthcare workers under the supervision of a treatment centre with appropriate facilities for evaluation when necessary. As majority of patients are asymptomatic or mild and require minimal interventions for care, the home is an ideal place to manage such patients in a cost-effective manner with satisfactory outcomes. This allows the focus of institutional care to the management of moderate to severe cases. Patients who meet the criteria for home- based isolation and care after assessment of clinical risk, home risk, Infection Prevention and Control, adherence to guidelines, waste management and other factor are enrolled into a specific home- based care team attached to an isolation/treatment centre for supportive care. They are followed up to discharge after a minimum of 10 days after exposure, confirmation of test positivity, or onset of symptoms. The frequency of follow up is mainly based on the clinical risk assessment. Patients whose clinical risk or condition deteriorate are evacuated preferably to their supervising treatment centre. Specific roles of all stakeholders and personnel are clearly delineated with protocols and procedures for data management also well spelt out. Ultimately, it is envisaged that this revision of the home -based care guideline for management of asymptomatic and mild suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19 would ensure efficient and effective management of covid-19 patients in their home with improved outcomes.

Adherencia a un programa domiciliario de rehabilitación respiratoria / Adherence to a home-based pulmonary rehabilitation program

Desde 1996, el Hospital del Tórax Dr. Antonio A. Cetrángolo aplica un programa de rehabilitación respiratoria, el cual requiere la concurrencia al hospital, dos veces por semana, de los pacientes con enfermedad respiratoria crónica. En 2015, se desarrolló el programa domiciliario (PD) para pacientes que viven a más de 10 km del hospital, o necesitan más de 60 minutos de viaje, o trabajan y tienen incompatibilidad de horarios con el programa hospitalario. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo con el objetivo de describir la adherencia al programa domiciliario de pacientes con enfermedad respiratoria crónica y explorar los factores relacionados. En 2017, 96 de 127 (75.6%) pacientes elegibles para rehabilitación respiratoria fueron asignados al programa domiciliario y se les indicó cumplimentar al menos tres sesiones semanales de ejercicios de resistencia aeróbica, fuerza segmentaria de miembros superiores e inferiores y flexibilidad; y concurrir al hospital cada 20 o 30 días; a la quinta visita se realizó la reevaluación. Se consideró "adherencia al PD" cuando el paciente completaba la misma. El 40.6% (n = 39) solo asistió a la evaluación inicial y un 23% (n = 22) adhirió al programa. El grupo adherente presentó, al inicio, mejor FVC (p = 0.013), menor score de disnea (p = 0.008), menos de dos o más exacerbaciones en los seis meses previos (p = 0.032). Un solo paciente necesitaba tres o más transportes para llegar al hospital (p = 0.006). Los resultados sugieren que la adherencia al programa domiciliario se relacionó con mejor situación clínica y mejor accesibilidad a la institución.

Since 1996, the Hospital del Tórax Dr. Antonio A. Centrángolo conducts a pulmonary rehabilitation program that requires patients with chronic pulmonary disease to attend the hospital twice a week. In 2015 the home-based program (HBP) was developed for patients living more than either 10 km or 60 minutes away from the hospital, or with conflicting working schedules. A retrospective study was conducted to describe the adherence to the home-based program by patients with chronic pulmonary disease, and explore adherence-related factors. In 2017, 96 (75.6%) of 127 patients eligible for pulmonary rehabilitation were assigned to the home-based program; they were instructed to complete at least three exercise sessions a week -including aerobic and resistance, segmental strength of upper and lower limbs, and flexibility-; and attend hospital visits every 20 to 30 days; "adherence to the HBP" was determined for patients who attended their final assessment on the fifth visit. A 40.6% (n = 39) of the patients only attended the first visit; 23% (n = 22) adhered to the program. This latter group of patients had shown, at their first assessment, better FVCs (p = 0.013), lower dyspnea scores (p = 0.008), and less than two or more exacerbations during the previous 6 months (p = 0.032). Only one patient needed to take three or more different transportation services to reach the hospital (p = 0.006). The results suggest that adherence to the home-based program was associated to a better clinical status and better access to the hospital.

Figuring it out by yourself: Perceptions of home-based care of stroke survivors, family caregivers and community health workers in a low-resourced setting, South Africa

Background: In less resourced settings, formal rehabilitation services for stroke survivors were often absent. Stroke survivors were referred to community health workers (CHWs) who were untrained in rehabilitation. Aim: To describe the experience and perceived needs of stroke survivors, their caregivers and CHWs in a context with limited access to and support from formal rehabilitation services. Setting: The Breede Valley subdistrict, Western Cape, South Africa, a rural, less resourced setting. Methods: A descriptive exploratory qualitative study. Four focus group interviews were held with purposively selected stroke survivors and caregivers and four with CHWs. A thematic approach and the framework method were used to analyse the transcripts. Findings: A total of 41 CHWs, 21 caregivers and 26 stroke survivors participated. Four main themes and 11 sub-themes were identified. Because of the lack of knowledge, training and rehabilitation services, the main theme for all groups was having to 'figure things out' independently, with incontinence management being particularly challenging. Secondly was the need for emotional support for stroke survivors and caregivers. Thirdly, contextual factors such as architectural barriers and lack of assistive products negatively impacted care and function. Lastly, the organisation of health and rehabilitation services negatively impacted home-based services and professional support. Conclusions: With appropriate training, the CHWs can be pivotal in the training and support of family caregivers and stroke survivors. Care pathways and the role and scope of both CHWs and therapists in home-based stroke rehabilitation should be defined and restructured, including the links with formal services

Rede de apoio e sustentação dos cuidadores familiares de pacientes em cuidados paliativos no domicílio / Support and sustention network of family caregivers of patients in home palliative care

Objetivo: conhecer a rede de apoio e sustentação dos cuidadores familiares de pacientes em cuidados paliativos no domicílio. Metodologia: estudo qualitativo com registros de 29 cuidadores familiares acompanhados pelo Projeto de Extensão "Um olhar sobre o cuidador familiar: quem cuida merece ser cuidado" de junho de 2015 a dezembro de 2016. As informações de fichas, genogramas e ecomapas foram compiladas em um quadro para quantificação, ou aproximação temática. Resultados: perfil predominante mulheres idosas, cuidando de companheiros, com relação forte com família, programas de atenção domiciliar e paciente e 24 cuidadores tinham algum vínculo fraco com vizinhos, Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Conclusões: a valorização das redes de apoio e sustentação, pensando em ações de melhorias do ambiente de cuidado ao paciente e cuidador podem propiciar um cuidado compartilhado em rede. (AU)

Objective: to know the network of support and sustention of family caregivers of patients in palliative care at home. Methodology: qualitative study with records of 29 family caregivers accompanied by the Extension Project "A look at the family caregiver: who cares deserves to be taken care of" from June 2015 to December 2016. The information of the files, genograms and ecomaps were compiled in a framework for quantification, or thematic approach. Results: profile predominant elderly women, caring for partners, with strong relationship with family, home care programs and patient and 24 caregivers had some weak link with neighbors, Basic Health Units. Conclusions: the valorization of support and sustention networks, thinking about actions to improve the care environment for the patient and caregiver can provide a shared care network. (AU)

Objetivo: conocer la red de apoyo y sustentación de los cuidadores familiares de pacientes en cuidados paliativos en el domicilio. Metodología: estudio cualitativo con registros de 29 cuidadores familiares acompañados por el Proyecto de Extensión "Una mirada sobre el cuidador familiar: quien cuida merece ser cuidado" de junio de 2015 a diciembre de 2016. Las informaciones de las fichas, de los genogramas y de los ecomapas fueron compiladas en un cuadro para la cuantificación, o aproximación temática. Resultados: perfil predominante de mujeres ancianas, cuidando de compañeros, con relación fuerte con familia, programas de atención domiciliar y paciente y 24 cuidadores tenían algún vínculo débil con vecinos, Unidades Básicas de Salud. Conclusiones: la valorización de las redes de apoyo y sustentación, pensando en acciones de mejoras del ambiente de cuidado al paciente y cuidador pueden propiciar un cuidado compartido en red. (AU)

Current State and the Future Tasks of Home Visit Nursing Care in South Korea / 農村醫學 地域保健

OBJECTIVES: We searched and reviewed the literature including the laws or acts, statistics, guidelines, papers and conference proceedings related to home visit nursing care in South Korea. METHOD: We searched and reviewed the literature including the laws or acts, statistics, guidelines, papers and conference proceedings related to home visit nursing care in Korea. RESULTS: There are three types of home care nursing in Korea. Public health center provides home visit nursing to vulnerable population by registered nurses for free, based on community health act in public health center. As of 2017, 1,261,208 people were enrolled in the visiting health program of public health center. Health behavior and disease management has been improved and showed having cost-benefit effect among the enrolled people in visiting health program. Visiting nursing care in long-term care services is provided by registered nurses or nurse aid, based on long-term care act. The cost is paid as the unit price according to service time. 1,095,764 older people used long-term care services in 2017, only 0.2% of total cost used for home visiting nursing. Even though the number of user of home visiting nursing, it was reported that users spent less medical cost and hospitalized shorter. Hospital-based home care nursing is provided to patients and their families under the prescription of a doctor by family nurse specialists who are employed by medical institute based on medical law. Four hundred sixty family nurse specialists worked for hospital-based home care nursing and hospital-based home care services accounted for 0.038% of total medical expenses in 2017. CONCLUSION: Even though home visit nursing care services are different in aspect of legal basis, personnel, running institutes, and cost basis, home visit nursing care showed cost-benefit effect and good health outcomes. In order to advance home visit nursing care, the integrated home visiting care, improvement of working condition, and revision of legal basis should be considered.

Indicadores de calidad de la atención en salud en hospitalización domiciliaria: revisión integradora / Indicators of the Quality of Health Care in Home Hospitalization: An Integrative Review / Indicadores de qualidade da atenção em saúde na hospitalização domiciliar: revisão integrativa

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir la producción empírica sobre indicadores para evaluar la calidad de la atención en salud otorgada a usuarios de unidades de hospitalización domiciliaria (HD). Materiales y métodos: se realizó una revisión integradora en las bases Pubmed, Web of Science, IBECS, SciELO y Biblioteca Cochrane. El periodo de búsqueda se extendió del año 1990 hasta el 2017. Resultados: se hallaron 10 documentos, de los cuales 6 correspondieron a artículos originales y 4 a revisiones sistemáticas. Solo en 3 de los 6 artículos originales hallados se mencionaron indicadores relacionados con reingresos hospitalarios no planificados, llamadas telefónicas no planificadas realizadas por los pacientes y/o el equipo de salud de HD, negativa de los pacientes a ser ingresados a HD y errores en la administración de medicamentos. Conclusión: la investigación de la evaluación de la calidad de la atención en salud en HD mediante indicadores ha tenido un escaso desarrollo, especialmente en enfermería. Los indicadores pesquisados han sido desarrollados solo en algunos países europeos, pero sin reportar bases conceptuales claras y sin asegurar la solidez científica y factibilidad de las medidas.

ABSTRACT Objective: Describe the empirical production of indicators to evaluate the quality of health care provided to users of home hospitalization units (HH). Materials and methods: An integrative review was conducted using the Pubmed, Web of Science, IBECS, SciELO and the Cochrane Library databases. The search period went from 1990 to 2017. Results: Ten (10) documents were found: six original articles and four systematic reviews. Only three of the six original articles in question mention indicators related to unplanned hospital readmissions, unplanned telephone calls made by patients and / or the HH health team, refusal of patients to be admitted to HH, and errors in the administration of medication. Conclusion: Research on evaluation of the quality of health care in HH using indicators is very limited, especially in the field of nursing. The researched indicators were developed only in several European countries, but with no clear conceptual basis and without ensuring the scientific soundness and feasibility of the measurements.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever a produção empírica sobre indicadores para avaliar a qualidade da atenção em saúde outorgada a usuários de unidades de hospitalização domiciliar (HD). Materiais e método: realizou-se uma revisão integrativa nas bases PubMed, Web of Science, IBECS, SciELO e Biblioteca Cochrane. O período de busca foi de 1990 a 2017. Resultados: foram encontrados 10 documentos, dos quais 6 corresponderam a artigos originais e 4 a revisões sistemáticas. Somente em 3 dos 6 artigos originais, mencionaram-se indicadores relacionados com reinternação hospitalar não planejada, ligações não esperadas pelos pacientes e/ou pela equipe de saúde de HD, negativa dos pacientes a serem inseridos na HD e erros na administração de medicamentos. Conclusão: a pesquisa da avaliação da qualidade da atenção em saúde em HD, mediante indicadores, tem tido pouco desenvolvimento, especialmente em enfermagem. Os indicadores pesquisados foram desenvolvidos somente em alguns países europeus, mas sem relatar bases conceituais claras e sem garantir a solidez científica e factibilidade das medidas.

Caracterização dos idosos em terapia nutricional enteral domiciliar: um estudo de coorte retrospectivo / Characterization of the elderly in home enteral nutritional therapy: a retrospective cohort study

Conclusão: A TNED atende principalmente mulheres idosos com idade cada vez mais avançada. As principais doenças que levam a necessidade de TNED são as doenças neurológicas, o que Aponta estas doenças como sendo um problema de saúde pública e demonstra a necessidade de mais atenção governamental para a prevenção de AVC e doenças demenciais. A TNED se destaca como importante estratégia para diminuir o numero de reinternações e assim contribuir para uma melhor qualidade de vida devido a humanização terapêutica.

Factors Influencing Burnout in Primary Family Caregivers of Hospital-based Home Care Patients

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify factors influencing burnout in primary family caregivers of Home Health Care Patients. METHODS: Data were collected from 121 primary family caregivers of home health care patients in three different hospitals in ‘D’ metropolitan city and the study was conducted from August 10, 2016 to January 17, 2017. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression. RESULTS: Mean scores for the nursing needs of the participants were 3.54±0.79, the family functions were 1.24±0.58, the burnouts were 2.74±0.49. The burnouts were positively correlated with the nursing needs but inversely correlated with the family function. The factor that had the greatest influence on the burnouts of primary family caregivers of Home Health Care was family function (β=−.245, p=.001), followed by patients' daily activity (β=−.213, p=.014), age (β=.208, p=.032), monthly nursing services cost (β=−.196, p=.044) and nursing needs (β=.129, p=.014). The Explanatory Power of Models was 23%. CONCLUSION: Individually customized home care nursing intervention programs are required to be provided in accordance with patient's family function and daily activity, monthly home care nursing service cost, nursing needs and general characteristics of primary caregivers of Home Health Care Patients such as their age, the number of family members living together, sex and the name of disease.

A desospitalização em um hospital público geral de Minas Gerais: desafios e possibilidades / Desinstitucionalización en un hospital general público de Minas Gerais: retos y posibilidades / Dehospitalisation at a general hospital in Minas Gerais: challenges and prospects

Resumo OBJETIVO Analisar o processo de desospitalização em um hospital público geral de Minas Gerais na perspectiva dos diretores, dos profissionais de saúde e dos familiares. MÉTODO Estudo descritivo e exploratório, utilizando a abordagem qualitativa, com orientação teórico-metodológica da dialética. Participaram do estudo 24 profissionais de saúde e 15 familiares de usuários em processo de desospitalização. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre os meses de abril a junho em 2015, com entrevistas semiestruturadas e registros em diário de campo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática. RESULTADOS A análise do material empírico permitu a construção das categorias: Desospitalização: perspectiva da instituição e Organização da família para o processo de desospitalização. CONCLUSÃO Existem fragilidades no processo que envolve questões de implementação, sistematização, reorganização interna e continuidade após a desospitalização. Assim, as estratégias utilizadas para a desospitalização têm sido insuficientes para favorecer a integralidade e a continuidade do cuidado no domicílio.

Resumen OBJETIVO Analizar el proceso de desinstitucionalización de un hospital general público de Minas Gerais desde la perspectiva de los gestores, de los profesionales de la salud y de los familiares. MÉTODOS Estudio descriptivo y exploratorio de enfoque cualitativo con orientación teórico- metodológica de la dialéctica. Participaron 24 profesionales de la salud y 15 familiares de usuarios en proceso de desinstitucionalización. La recogida de datos se llevó a cabo entre abril y junio de 2015 con entrevistas semiestructuradas y registros en el diario de campo . Los datos recogidos fueron sometidos a análisis de contenido temático. RESULTADOS El análisis de los materiales empíricos permitu la construcción de categorías: la desinstitucionalización: Perspectiva institución y organización de la familia al proceso de desinstitucionalización. CONCLUSIÓN Se concluye que en el procesohay fragilidades que involucran cuestiones de implementación, sistematización, reorganización interna y continuidad después de la desinstitucionalización. Las estrategias empleadas para la desinstitucionalización no han sido suficientes para promover la integralidad y continuidad de los cuidados domiciliarios.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyse the dehospitalisation process at a general public hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil, from the perspective of managers, health workers, users and their families. METHODS This is a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive study based on the principles of methodological and theoretical dialectics. The participants were 24 hospital health workers and 15 companions of users going through the process of dehospitalisation. Data were collected from April to June 2015 using semi-structured interviews and a field journal records and subsequently subjected to content analysis. RESULTS Analysis of the empirical material led to the construction of the following categories: Dehospitalisation: viewpoint of the institution and Family organisation for the dehospitalisation process. CONCLUSION The study reveals a deficiency in the implementation, systematisation, internal reorganisation and continuity of care after dehospitalisation. Current dehospitalisation strategies do not favour comprehensiveness and continuity of home care.

Assistência ao doente terminal: vantagens na aplicabilidade das diretivas antecipadas de vontade no contexto hospitalar / Asistencia al paciente terminal: ventajas en la aplicabilidad de las directrices antecidas de voluntad en el contexto hospital / Terminal patient care: advantages on the applicability of anticipated will directives in the hospital context

Resumo OBJETIVO Conhecer as vantagens relacionadas à aplicabilidade das diretivas antecipadas de vontade no contexto hospitalar na perspectiva de enfermeiros, médicos e familiares. MÉTODO Estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório com entrevistas semiestruturadas, de outubro a novembro de 2014, com enfermeiros, médicos e familiares de doentes em fase final. Depois, procedeu-se a análise textual discursiva. RESULTADOS Emergiram quatro categorias: respeito à autonomia do paciente; respaldo no enfrentamento de conflitos com e dos familiares; redução de conflitos na equipe em decisões sobre tratamentos e condutas; divulgação e instrumentalização para aplicação das Diretivas Antecipadas de Vontade. CONCLUSÃO O respeito à autonomia pessoal permeia as vantagens ao se relacionar as condutas de tratamentos em final de vida com as Diretivas Antecipadas de Vontade. Assim, discordâncias que envolvem os processos no final da vida estariam amparadas pelo desejo do paciente, além de implicar na redução do medo dos profissionais em sofrer processos legais e no respaldo aos familiares.

Resumen OBJETIVO Conocer las ventajas relacionadas con la aplicabilidad de las directivas anticipadas de voluntad en el contexto hospitalario de acuerdo a la perspectiva de enfermeros, médicos y familiares. MÉTODO Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio. Fueron realizadas entrevistas semiestructuradas de octubre a noviembre de 2014 con enfermeros, médicos y familiares de enfermos en fase final. Finalmente, se procedió a hacer el análisis textual discursivo. RESULTADOS Se manifestaron cuatro categorías: respeto a la autonomía del paciente; respaldo en el enfrentamiento de conflictos con y de los familiares; reducción de conflictos en el equipo en decisiones sobre tratamientos y conductas; divulgación e instrumentalización para la aplicación de las Directivas Anticipadas de Voluntad. CONCLUSIÓN El respeto a la autonomía personal permite ver las ventajas al relacionarse las conductas de tratamientos en el fin de la vida con la efectividad de las Directivas Anticipadas de Voluntad. Por tanto, discordancias que envuelven los procesos en el fin de la vida estarían amparadas por el deseo del paciente, además, incide en la reducción de lo miedo de los profesionales de envolverse en procesos legales y respaldo a los familiares.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To know the advantages related to the applicability of the advance directives of will in the hospital context from the perspective of nurses, doctors and family members. METHOD Qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study with semi structured interviews carried out from October to November 2014, with nurses, doctors and family members of patients in the final stage. Afterwards, a discursive textual analysis was carried out. RESULTS Four categories emerged: respect for patient's autonomy; support in confrontation of conflicts with and from family members; reduction of conflicts in the team about treatments and conducts; disclosure and instrumentation for application of the Advance Directives of Will. CONCLUSION The respect for personal autonomy permeates the advantages when relating the conduct of treatments at the end of life with the Advance Directives of Will. Thus, disagreements involving the processes at the end of life would be supported by the patient's desire, besides implying in the reduction of the fear of professionals in facing lawsuits and in the support of the family.

Quality of Life and Physical Ability Changes After Hospital-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients With Myocardial Infarction

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on quality of life (QOL) and physical ability in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS: Patients with MI who were referred to the Cardiac Health and Rehabilitation Center 2 weeks after percutaneous coronary intervention were divided into CR and non-CR groups. The CR group performed supervised exercises 3 times a week for 2 months. QOL assessment, using the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and physical ability evaluation were performed at the beginning and end of CR. RESULTS: The CR group demonstrated statistically significant improvements in physical functioning (PF), physical role functioning (RP), bodily pain (BP), general health perceptions (GH), vitality (VT), social role functioning (SF), emotional role functioning (RE), mental health (MH), physical component summary (PCS), and mental component summary (MCS). The non-CR group showed improvement in RP. Secondary outcomes, including resting heart rate (RHR), maximal oxygen consumption (VO(2max)), metabolic equivalent of task (MET), maximal exercise time (ET(max)), stage 3 Borg rating of perceived exertion (3RPE), maximal Borg rating of perceived exertion (RPEmax), and stage 3 rate pressure product (3RPP), improved in the CR group. The non-CR group showed improvements in VO(2max), MET, ET(max), and 3RPE. There were significant differences in improvements in PF, RP, BP, VT, SF, MH, MCS, RHR, VO(2max), MET, ET(max), 3RPE, and 3RPP between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Male patients with MI demonstrated improvements in QOL and physical ability following hospital-based CR; the impact on the mental component was greater than that on the physical component.

A desospitalização de um hospital público geral de Minas Gerais: início da atenção domiciliar / Process of de-hospitalization at a public hospital in the state of Minas Gerais: the beginnings of home care

O objetivo geral deste estudo foi analisar o processo de desospitalização em um hospital público geral de Minas Gerais - MG na perspectiva de diretores,profissionais de saúde, usuário e sua família. Trata-se de estudo descritivo exploratório,utilizando a abordagem qualitativa, com orientação teórica metodológica da dialética. Os participantes: dois diretores, 10 enfermeiros, dois assistentes sociais, oito médicos e dois coordenadores da linha de cuidado vinculados à assistência na clínica médica em hospital público de ensino de médio porte em Belo Horizonte - BH. Os diretores foram entrevistados para verificar a política e as estratégias que o hospital utiliza para a desospitalização e como é a relação deste com a Rede de Atenção à Saúde (RAS). Os enfermeiros, assistentes sociais e médicos são responsáveis pelo processo dedesospitalização e foram entrevistados para identificar como se aplicam os mecanismos de desospitalização existentes no hospital. Também foram participantes 15 familiares de usuários em processo de desospitalização com a indicação para a continuidade do cuidado no Serviço de Atenção Domiciliar (SAD)em BH. Esses familiares foram entrevistados para identificar os atravessamentose potencialidades no processo de desospitalização. O trabalho de campo iniciou-se em 2015 na clínica médica do hospital, que recebe usuários provenientes da clínica cirúrgica, neurológica e pronto-socorro. Os dados foram coletados pelo pesquisador por meio de entrevista com auxílio de um roteiro semiestruturado, audiogravada, permitindo a identificação das interpretações emitidas sobre adesospitalização e a expectativa do cuidado no domicílio. No diário de campo foram registradas as observações após o trabalho de campo. A análise dos dados foi sustentada pela análise de conteúdo temática na perspectiva...

The aim of the present study was to analyse the process of de-hospitalization at apublic general hospital in the state of Minas Gerais from the perspective of managers, health professionals, service users and their families. This is a descriptive exploratory qualitative study using a dialectical methodology. Study participants were two directors, ten nurses, two social workers, eight doctors and two health care coordinators working at the clinical care unit of a public medium sized teaching hospital in the city of Belo Horizonte. Interviews to directors aimedat identifying the hospital’s policies and strategies for de-hospitalization and their relationship with the Health Care System (RAS). Nurses, social workers and doctors are responsible for the process and the interviews carried out with them aimed at recognising how existing de-hospitalization procedures were applied. Fifteen relatives of users in the process of being de-hospitalized and referred to take part in a continuity of care programme through the Home Care Service (SAD) also participated in the study. The objective of the interviews with this group was to assess both the obstacles to the process of de-hospital...

Home Care of Elderly with Dysphagia / 대한연하장애학회지

Due to the increase in elderly population, there has been an increase in number of patients with dysphagia in the community. Dysphagia results in aspiration pneumonia and complications such as malnutrition, dehydration in the elderly. These complications increase the hospital admission rates and are often the cause of death. For this reason, the goal of healthcare for elderly with dysphagia living in the community is to select elderly with dysphagia by early screening, maintain adequate nutritious status and prevent future complications. The families of dysphagia elders should be educated and supported in order to successfully care for these patients at home. Severe cases of elderly with dysphagia are to receive health professional service in conjunction with the services from hospital based home care medical center. It also requires governance support so that health professionals such as speech language pathologists will care for dysphagia patients in home.

Avaliação do conhecimento dos anestesiologistas sobre cuidados paliativos / La evaluación del conocimiento de los anestesiólogos acerca de los cuidados paliativos / Evaluation of knowledge among anesthesiologists about palliative care

Avaliar o conhecimento dos cuidados paliativos entre anestesiologistas por meio de questionário individual. A amostra teve 95 profissionais, dos quais 65 do sexo masculino e 30 do feminino. Sessenta e dois anestesiologistas informam que "qualidade de vida" é o termo que melhor expressa os cuidados paliativos e 53 consideram a combinação da assistência casa/hospital a mais conveniente para o atendimento do paciente que requer esses cuidados. Observou-se que 83,2% dos pesquisados (n=79) não receberam preparação para lidar com paciente que requer cuidados paliativos e 88,4% comentam com colegas quando um paciente morre (n=84). A maioria dos entrevistados (n=46) discorda da prática de eutanásia. Quanto à autopercepção do conhecimento sobre cuidados paliativos, numa escala de 0 (nenhum conhecimento) a 10 (conhecimento total), a maioria das respostas alcançou média 5 (n=28), o que mostra a necessidade da reflexão acerca do cuidar na área da anestesiologia...

Evaluar el conocimiento de los cuidados paliativos entre los anestesiólogos a través de un cuestionario individual. La muestra fue de 95, de los cuales 65 eran del sexo masculino y 30 del femenino. Sesenta y dos de los anestesiólogos informan "la calidad de vida" como el término que mejor expresa los cuidados paliativos y 53 consideran que la combinación de cuidado en el hogar / hospital es más conveniente para el cuidado del paciente que lo requiere. Se observó que el 83,2% de los investigadores (n = 79) no recibieron la preparación para lidiar con el paciente que requiere cuidados paliativos y el 88,4% comentan con sus compañeros cuando un paciente muere (n = 84). La mayoría de los encuestados (n = 46) no estaban de acuerdo con la práctica de la eutanasia. En cuanto a la autopercepción del conocimiento sobre los cuidados paliativos, en una escala de 0 (ningún conocimiento) a 10 (pleno conocimiento), la mayoría de las respuestas alcanzó el promedio de 5 (n = 28). Esto demuestra la necesidad de reflexión acerca del cuidar en el área de anestesiología...

To assess anesthesiologists' knowledge about palliative care through an individual questionnaire. The sample was 95, with 65 male and 30 female. Sixty-two of the anesthesiologists reported quality of life as the term that best expresses the palliative care, and 53 consider the combination of home care/ hospital the most convenient for the treatment of a patient who requires palliative care. It was observed that 83.2% of the interviewed (n = 79) have not been prepared for patients who require palliative care and that 88.4% mention to a colleague when a patient dies (n = 84). Most respondents (n = 46) disagreed with the practice of euthanasia. As for the perception of palliative care on a scale of 0 (no knowledge) to 10 (full knowledge), there was a majority of the average response of 5 (n = 28). It shows the need to reflect about care in the filed of anesthesiology...

Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica entrenamiento domiciliario versus ambulatorio hospitalario

Existe poca experiencia sobre el efecto del entrenamiento domiciliario (rD) en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar el efecto del rD sobre la tolerancia al ejercicio, disnea y calidad de vida versus el entrenamiento ambulatorio hospitalario (rH). Se compararon dos grupos de pacientes con EPOC. Ambos entrenaron durante 24 sesiones, 8 semanas. Antes y después del entrenamiento se realizaron: espirometría, cuestionarios de disnea (MRC, Mahler y Borg) y calidad de vida (St. George y SF-36), pruebas de ejercicio submáximas (caminata 6 minutos, shuttle de resistencia y resistencia en cicloergómetro -tiempo límite-Tlim) y máximas (shutlle test-ST- y cardiopulmonar). El grupo rH realizó ejercicios aeróbicos y de fuerza para miembros inferiores (MI) y superiores (MS). El grupo rD realizó caminatas al 70% de la velocidad alcanzada en ST y ejercicios de fuerza para MI y MS. Se aleatorizaron 25 rH y 25 rD. La condición basal fue similar en ambos grupos. El Tlim aumentó 125% (p = 0.0001) para grupo rH y 63% (p = 0.0011) para rD, sin diferencias entre sí. También mejoraron distancia en shuttle resistencia (77%, p = 0.0421 en grupo rH y 79%, p = 0.0197 en rD) y distancia en prueba 6 minutos (12% en rD, p = 0.0135). El puntaje en cuestionario St. George se redujo solo en el grupo rH (p = 0.0034); en el rD abandonaron 32% vs. 20% en el rH (p = 0.4521). El entrenamiento domiciliario resultó tan eficaz como el ambulatorio hospitalario en pacientes con EPOC, aunque con mayor tendencia al abandono.

There is little experience on the effect of home training (rD) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our aim was to compare the effect of rD on exercise tolerance, dyspnea and quality of life versus hospital outpatient training (rH). Two random groups of 25 patients were evaluated. Both trained during 8 weeks (24 sessions); undergoing various tests before and after, such as spirometry, questionnaires on dyspnea (MRC, Mahler and Borg) and on quality of life (SF-36 and St.George´s), submaximal (6 minutes’ walk, resistance-shuttle and cycle-ergometer endurance time limit, (Tlim), and - maximal exercise tests (shuttle -ST- and cardiopulmonary test). The rH group performed aerobic and strength for lower limbs (MI) and upper (MS) exercises. The rD group performed walks at 70% of the speed reached in ST and strength exercises for MI and MS. The basal condition was similar in both groups. The Tlim increased, 125% (p = 0.0001) for rH group and 63% (p = 0.0011) for rD, showing no significant differences. They also improved distance in shuttle resistance (77%, p = 0.0421 in rH and 79 %, p = 0.0197 in rD group) and in 6 minutes´ test (12% in rD, p = 0.0135). St George scoring was reduced only in the rH group (p = 0.0034); 32% abandoned in rD vs. 20% in rH (p = 0.4521). Effectiveness in rD training was equal to rH for COPD patients, although rD were more likely to abandon the program.

Prevalência e fatores associados à queda de idosos atendidos por um serviço de atenção domiciliar privado / The prevalence of falls within a group of elderly covered by a private home care and its associated factors

O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência de quedas em idosos atendidos por um serviço de atenção domiciliar privado e os fatores a ela associados. Foi realizado estudo transversal com amostra de 202 idosos atendidos pelo serviço de atenção domiciliar (Gerenciamento de Casos) de uma instituição privada na cidade de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. Os dados foram coletados por questionário que incluiu características sociodemográficas, clínicas e comportamentais dos idosos, além da realização de testes avaliativos acerca do nível cognitivo, nível de dependência para as atividades instrumentais de vida diária, equilíbrio e mobilidade, medo de cair e avaliação do domicílio. Escalas de avaliação foram aplicadas. Foram realizadas análises descritiva, bivariada e de regressão logística. A idade média dos idosos foi de 85 anos, sendo 76% mulheres, 87% de cor/raça branca e 60% viúvos. Entre os 202 idosos, 15% mora sozinho; 69,3% usa óculos, 33,2% utiliza dispositivo para auxílio da marcha e 67,8% faz uso de polifarmácia. Quanto às patologias preexistentes, 66,8% é portador de hipertensão arterial sistêmica e 24,2% de diabetes mellitus. Observa-se que 37,2% apresenta total dependência ou dependência grave para as atividades instrumentais de vida diária e 52% teve alteração no teste de nível cognitivo. A prevalência de queda encontrada foi de 55% (111/202), sendo que 22,5% dos idosos afirmou ter sofrido mais de uma queda no último ano. Destas, 24% resultou em fratura. As variáveis que compuseram o modelo final que melhor explicou a queda foram: uso de óculos, falta de equilíbrio imediato ao levantar-se e de estabilidade de tronco, preocupação em pegar algo acima da cabeça e no chão. Verifica-se que o perfil dessa amostra de idosos é bastante heterogêneo em relação às características sociodemográficas, comportamentais e clínicas, quando comparado aos idosos da comunidade brasileira e se assemelha ao de outras populações atendidas...

This study aims establishing the prevalence of falls within a group of elderly covered by a private home care service and its associated factors. A cross-section research has been conducted with a sample of 202 elderly serviced by a privet home care institution (Case Management) located in the city of Juiz de Fora, state of Minas Gerais. The data was collected through personal interview inserted into a survey, which included social-demographic, clinical and behavioral information about the elderly. Alongside the interview were conducted evaluation tests assessing cognitive level, dependency level for fulfillment of basic daily life activities, balance and mobility, fearfulness towards falling and home environment. There were performed descriptive as well as bivariate and logistic regression analysis. The average age was 85 years old, being 76% of the interviewed, women, 87% white Caucasian and 60% widows. Among the 202 elderly, 15% live alone; 69,3% wear glasses; 33,22% make use of some sort of walking support device and 67,8% are polymedicated. Results related to pre-existing pathologies show that 66,8% of the sample have systemic arterial hypertension and 24,2% suffer from diabetes mellitus. It's evident that 37,2% of the interviewed patients present total or severe dependency levels for fulfilling basic daily life activities and 52% have shown some alteration in the cognitive test. The verified prevalence of falls was of 55% (111/202), aggravated by the fact that 22,5% of the elderly affirm to have fallen more than once in the past year. 24% of all falls have resulted in fractures. The following variables accounted for the final model and better explain the occurrence of falls: the use of glasses, lack of immediate balance upon standing up, instability of the torso, the attempt of reaching things above the head or picking up from the ground. It can be noticed that the profile of the sample is highly heterogeneous in relation to the...

Sistema suplementar de saúde e internação domiciliar de idosos na perspectiva da bioética crítica / Sistema de salud complementario y la atención a domicilio a los ancianos en la perspectiva de la bioética críticos / Supplementary health system and home care of the elderly in the perspective of critical bioethics

No Brasil, atualmente, a internação domiciliar (ID) é a principal opção para a desospitalização de idosos, sobretudo no sistema suplementar. Variados conflitos éticos surgem no contexto da assistência em meio a contextos familiares diversos. Neste trabalho, realizamos um estudo exploratório de dois casos de ID em operadora de planos de saúde, na qual os conflitos éticos identificados foram delimitados a dois campos principais de atuação da bioética: o da bioética clínica, no tocante às relações interpessoais e tomadas de decisão em torno da assistência, e o da bioética aplicada à saúde pública, no pertinente aos desafios para a organização e oferta de serviços. Os conflitos foram discutidos com base no modelo de bioética crítica. O estudo gerou proposições para a redução de alguns conflitos éticos envolvidos na ID e demonstrou a necessidade de pesquisas mais amplas para conhecer em maior extensão e profundidade este problema.

En Brasil, actualmente, la hospitalización domiciliar (ID) es la principal opción para disminuir la ocupación de los ancianos en el sistema adicional de salud. Surgen varios conflictos éticos para la asistencia en medio a diversos contextos familiares. En este trabajo, realizamos un estudio exploratorio de dos casos de ID en las operadoras de seguros de salud, en la cual los conflictos éticos identificados fueron delimitados a dos campos principales de actividad de la bioética: el de la bioética clínica referente a las relaciones interpersonales y en las decisiones en torno a la asistencia, y el de la bioética aplicada a la salud pública, respecto a los desafíos para la organización y prestación de los servicios. Los conflictos fueron discutidos en base en el modelo de bioética crítica. El estudio generó proposiciones para la reducción de algunos conflictos éticos involucrados en la ID, y fue demostrado la necesidad de investigaciones más amplias para conocer en mayor extensión y profundidad este problema.

Home Care (HC) is currently the main option in elderly dehospitalization, especially in the supplementary system. Varied ethical conflicts arise in the context of assistance along with varied familiar contexts. We performed an explanatory study of two HC cases in health insurance providers, in which the ethical conflicts were delimited in two main Bioethics playing fields: the clinical bioethics, regarding to interpersonal relationships and decision-making on assistance; and the Bioethics applied to public health, regarding to challenges to the organization and provision of services. The conflicts were discussed based on the critical bioethics model. The study generated propositions for reducing some ethical conflicts on HC, and demonstrated the need of more extended studies in order to know in greater length and depth this problem in Brazil.